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GATE 2025 · CS2 - Afternoon
Database ManagementTransactions and Concurrency ControlmediumMSQ1 mark
An audit of a banking transactions system has found that on an earlier occasion, two joint holders of account A attempted simultaneous transfers of Rs. 10000 each from account A to account B. Both transactions read the same value, Rs. 11000, as the initial balance in A and were allowed to go through. B was credited Rs. 10000 twice. A was debited only once and ended up with a balance of Rs. 1000. Which of the following properties is/are certain to have been violated by the system?

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