GATE 2025 · CS1 - Forenoon
A computer has a memory hierarchy consisting of two-level cache (L1 and L2) and a main memory. If the processor needs to access data from memory, it first looks into L1 cache. If the data is not found in L1 cache, it goes to L2 cache. If it fails to get the data from L2 cache, it goes to main memory, where the data is definitely available. Hit rates and access times of various memory units: L1 cache hit rate=95%, access time=10ns; L2 cache hit rate=85%, access time (including L1 miss penalty)=20ns; Main Memory access time (including L1 and L2 miss penalty)=200ns. The average memory access time in nanoseconds (ns) is ________. (rounded off to two decimal places)